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Dr Donwell Dube Abstract The Strait of Hormuz is arguably the most strategically significant maritime chokepoint in the world, facilitating the passage of approximately one-sixth of global oil consumption. However, its legal status remains a subject of intense geopolitical friction, particularly regarding the competing regimes of "transit passage" and "innocent passage." This paper analyzes the conflict in the context of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UN

Author: Donwell Dube (PhD) Abstract The contemporary global security landscape is increasingly defined by the "energy-security nexus," where the volatility of fossil fuel markets—exacerbated by systemic supply chain disruptions—directly undermines the operational efficacy of peace and security departments. This essay explores the strategic transition from Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) fleets to Electric Vehicles (EVs) within the specialized sectors of diplomatic motorcades

Author: Dr Donwell Dube Abstract This paper examines the critical importance of sustaining peacebuilding frameworks within Zimbabwe's political and development programmes, particularly in light of the National Development Strategy 2 (NDS2), the recent expiry of the National Peace and Reconciliation Commission's mandate in 2024, and escalating global instability. Drawing on the Do No Harm and Conflict Sensitivity frameworks as theoretical lenses, this study argues for the es

Introduction Zimbabwe’s National Development Strategy 1 (NDS1, 2021–2025) constitutes the first medium‑term plan for operationalising Vision 2030, which aspires to transform Zimbabwe into an upper‑middle‑income economy by 2030 (Government of Zimbabwe, 2020). Central to NDS1 are macroeconomic stabilisation, re‑industrialisation, value‑addition, export growth, and extensive infrastructure rehabilitation. The forthcoming National Development Strategy 2 (NDS2) is expected to cons